The burning of fuel in the internal combustion engine of a vehicle will produce enormous heat. The heat produced is transformed into kinetic energy by the pistons, connecting rod and other mechanical components in the engine to operate. However, not all the heat can be transferred into useful mechanical power. There are about one third of the energy produced by combustion is converted to the mechanical power. Meanwhile, another one third is dissipated as heat through the exhaust and the rest of the energy are transferred by the cooling system.

A cooling system applied in an automobile is to maintain the desired coolant temperature thus ensuring for optimum engine operation. In the engine cooling system, the circulation starts from the water pump. The role of the pump is to circulate the coolant throughout the system. Forced convection obtained by means of a water pump will bring the cooling effect, and the crucial engine electric water pump parameters are the head, power, and its efficiency.